Common misunderstandings about EDGE

Common misunderstandings about EDGE:• GPRS and EDGE are two different technologies• EDGE uses a modulation that is very sensitive to poor radio conditions• EDGE and GPRS have almost the same throughput• EDGE needs more sites than GSM/GPRS due to worse coverage performance• EDGE requires major network upgrades• There is no need for EDGE in Europe where WCDMA is being deplo...

Classes of GPRS services

Classes of GPRS servicesMobile devices can request different types of traffic to be prioritised in an attempt to give the user their desired level of connectivity. There are 4 types of class:Precedence ClassAn application can be assigned a Precedence Class 1, 2 or 3. If an application has a higher precedence (1) than another (3) then its traffic will be given a higher priority.Delay ClassApplications...

GPRS Handset Classes

GPRS Handset ClassesGPRS devices are not as straightforward as you may think. There are in fact 3 different classes of device.Class AClass A terminals have 2 transceivers which allow them to send / receive data and voice at the same time. This class of device takes full advantage of GPRS and GSM. You can be taking a call and receiving data all at the same time.Class BClass B devices can send / receive...

Meaning of RxLev Full and RxLev Sub

“Full” and “Sub” ValuesInformation elements with “Full” in their names are calculated on all blocks.Information elements with “Sub” in their names are calculated only on the blocks known to be sent also when downlink DTX is active (in each 104-multiframe, one TCH block with SID information and one SACCH block).Similar to RxQual Full & RxQual ...

Layer 3 - Measurement Information

Measurement InformationTime : 16:49:15.996Vendor Header Length : 36 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64217087.50 ms) 17:50:17.088 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 140 1.25 ms counter : 805506733670 Channel type : (132) DL SACCH Message type : Unknown RR message Length : 21Short Protocol discriminator : 0Message type : 5Short L2 Header : 0BCCH allocation sequence number indication...

GSM RR Channel Configuration

GSM RR Channel ConfigurationTime : 16:49:15.559Length : 33Log Code (Hex) : 0x5135HW Timestamp : (64216658.75 ms) 17:50:16.659 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 56 1.25 ms counter : 805506733327Number of Dedicated Channels : 1Dtx Indicator : (0) OffMax Tx Power Level Allowed : 3Starting Time Valid : (0) NoStarting Time : 0Cipher Flag : (0) OffCipher Algorithm : (0) Cipher with algorithm A5/1Channel...

GSM RR State

GSM RR StateTime : 16:49:15.372Length : 16Log Code (Hex) : 0x512CHW Timestamp : (64216450.00 ms) 17:50:16.450 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 120 1.25 ms counter : 805506733160RR State : RR Connection PendingMode : ...

GPRS MAC State

GPRS MAC StateTime : 16:49:15.372Length : 16Log Code (Hex) : 0x5227HW Timestamp : (64216448.75 ms) 17:50:16.449 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 12 1.25 ms counter : 805506733159MAC Mode : (0) NullSubstate : (2) NULL_SUSPEN...

CM Call Event

CM Call EventTime : 16:49:15.372Length : 353Log Code (Hex) : 0x12C1HW Timestamp : (64216442.83853 ms) 17:50:16.443 1.25 ms fraction : 0.27083 1.25 ms counter : 805506733154Version : 1Call event : (0) Phone originated a callCallClientId : 0CallId : 0Call state : OriginationCall type : VoiceDialled number Text buffer : 7145805112 Length : 10Number type : (0) Unknown number typeNumbering plan : (1)...

Gsm Surrounded Cell Ba List

Gsm Surrounded Cell Ba ListTime : 16:48:56.152Length : 85Log Code (Hex) : 0x5071HW Timestamp : (64197255.00 ms) 17:49:57.255 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 96 1.25 ms counter : 805506717804Cell Count : 6N Cell Information : [0 ] : BCCH ARFCN : 159 [850] Last Averaged Received Power : (-1187) -74.18 dBm BSIC Known : 1 BSIC : 0-0 Relative frame number offset to serving cell FN :...

GRR Cell Reselection Measurement

GRR Cell Reselection MeasurementTime : 16:48:55.700Length : 188Log Code (Hex) : 0x51FCHW Timestamp : (64196785.00 ms) 17:49:56.785 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 168 1.25 ms counter : 805506717428Serving BCCH ARFCN : 575 [1900]Serving PBCCH ARFCN : 0 Serving Priority Class : 0Serving RxLev Average : 40Serving C1 : 40Serving C2 : 40Serving C31 : 0Serving C32 : 0Serving Five Second Timer : 0 - StoppedCell...

Assignment Complete

Assignment CompleteTime : 16:49:17.506Vendor Header Length : 18 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64218597.50 ms) 17:50:18.598 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 140 1.25 ms counter : 805506734878 Channel type : (0) UL DCCH Message type : Assignment Complete Length : 3Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 41RR cause Value...

Assignment Command

Assignment CommandTime : 16:49:17.491Vendor Header Length : 36 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64218587.50 ms) 17:50:18.588 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 144 1.25 ms counter : 805506734870 Channel type : (128) DL DCCH Message type : Assignment Command Length : 21Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 46Description of...

Ciphering Mode Complete

Ciphering Mode CompleteTime : 16:49:16.089Vendor Header Length : 28 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64217180.00 ms) 17:50:17.180 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 80 1.25 ms counter : 805506733744 Channel type : (0) UL DCCH Message type : Ciphering Mode Complete Length : 13Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 50Mobile identity...

Connect Acknowledge

Connect AcknowledgeTime : 16:49:20.681Vendor Header Length : 19 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64221775.00 ms) 17:50:21.775 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 108 1.25 ms counter : 805506737420 Direction : (1) To network Message length : 2Transaction identifier : 0Protocol discriminator : (3) Call control; call related SS messagesMessage type :...

Ciphering Mode Command

Ciphering Mode CommandTime : 16:49:16.074Vendor Header Length : 18 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64217176.25 ms) 17:50:17.176 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 20 1.25 ms counter : 805506733741 Channel type : (128) DL DCCH Message type : Ciphering Mode Command Length : 3Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 53Cipher Response...

Layer 3 - Connect

ConnectTime : 16:49:20.681Vendor Header Length : 19 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64221773.75 ms) 17:50:21.774 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 116 1.25 ms counter : 805506737419 Direction : (0) From network Message length : 2Transaction identifier : 8Protocol discriminator : (3) Call control; call related SS messagesMessage type :...

Alerting

AlertingTime : 16:49:19.004Vendor Header Length : 23 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64220093.75 ms) 17:50:20.094 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 108 1.25 ms counter : 805506736075 Direction : (0) From network Message length : 6Transaction identifier : 8Protocol discriminator : (3) Call control; call related SS messagesMessage type : 1Progress indicator Coding standard : (3) Standard...

Call Proceeding

Call ProceedingTime : 16:49:17.022Vendor Header Length : 19 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64218117.50 ms) 17:50:18.118 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 100 1.25 ms counter : 805506734494 Direction : (0) From network Message length : 2Transaction identifier : 8Protocol discriminator : (3) Call control; call related SS messagesMessage type :...

Layer 3 Call Attempt - Setup

SetupTime : 16:49:16.089Vendor Header Length : 39 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64217181.25 ms) 17:50:17.181 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 112 1.25 ms counter : 805506733745 Direction : (1) To network Message length : 22Transaction identifier : 0Protocol discriminator : (3) Call control; call related SS messagesMessage type : 5Bearer capability 1 Radio channel requirement...

GPRS Suspension Request

GPRS Suspension RequestTime : 16:49:15.840Vendor Header Length : 28 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64216941.25 ms) 17:50:16.941 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 24 1.25 ms counter : 805506733553 Channel type : (0) UL DCCH Message type : GPRS Suspension Request Length : 13Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 52TLLI : 3258133598...

Classmark Change

Classmark ChangeTime : 16:49:15.840Vendor Header Length : 31 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64216940.00 ms) 17:50:16.940 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 148 1.25 ms counter : 805506733552 Channel type : (0) UL DCCH Message type : Classmark Change Length : 16Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 22Mobile Station Classmark...

Immediate Assignment

Immediate AssignmentTime : 16:49:15.559Vendor Header Length : 38 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64216657.50 ms) 17:50:16.658 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 160 1.25 ms counter : 805506733326 Channel type : (131) DL CCCH Message type : Immediate Assignment Length : 23 L2 Header L2 Length field Length : 11 M (More data bit) : 0 EL (Length indicator field extension...

CM Service Request

CM Service RequestTime : 16:49:15.372Vendor Header Length : 30 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64216447.50 ms) 17:50:16.448 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 132 1.25 ms counter : 805506733158 Direction : (1) To network Message length : 13Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (5) Mobility management messagesMessage type : 36Ciphering key sequence number Key sequence : (0) 0CM...

CM Service Request

CM Service RequestTime : 16:49:15.372Vendor Header Length : 30 Log Code (Hex) : 0x713A HW Timestamp : (64216447.50 ms) 17:50:16.448 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 132 1.25 ms counter : 805506733158 Direction : (1) To network Message length : 13Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (5) Mobility management messagesMessage type : 36Ciphering key sequence number Key sequence : (0) 0CM...

System Information Type 6

System Information Type 6Time : 16:51:28.886Vendor Header Length : 33 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64349961.25 ms) 17:52:29.961 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 72 1.25 ms counter : 805506839969 Channel type : (132) DL SACCH Message type : System Information Type 6 Length : 18Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 30Cell...

System Information Type 5ter

System Information Type 5terTime : 16:51:29.822Vendor Header Length : 33 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64350921.25 ms) 17:52:30.921 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 72 1.25 ms counter : 805506840737 Channel type : (132) DL SACCH Message type : System Information Type 5ter Length : 18Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type...

System Information Type 5

System Information Type 5Time : 16:51:29.338Vendor Header Length : 33 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64350441.25 ms) 17:52:30.441 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 72 1.25 ms counter : 805506840353 Channel type : (132) DL SACCH Message type : System Information Type 5 Length : 18Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 29Neighbour...

Layer 3 - Handover Complete

Handover CompleteTime : 16:52:23.018Vendor Header Length : 23 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64404113.75 ms) 17:53:24.114 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 128 1.25 ms counter : 805506883291 Channel type : (0) UL DCCH Message type : Handover Complete Length : 8Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 44Value : (0) Normal eventLength...

Layer 3 - Handover Command

Handover CommandTime : 16:52:22.908Vendor Header Length : 41 Log Code (Hex) : 0x512F HW Timestamp : (64404013.75 ms) 17:53:24.014 1.25 ms fraction : 0.00 CFN : 20 1.25 ms counter : 805506883211 Channel type : (128) DL DCCH Message type : Handover Command Length : 26Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 43Cell Description BSIC...

System Information (BCCH-BCH)

System Information (BCCH-BCH)Time : 15:34:31.101Vendor Header UARFCN : 10637 Primary Scrambling Code : 421 Transport Channel Type : (0) BCHsfn-Prime : 28payload : completeSIB-ListcompleteSIB-List CompleteSIB-List : [0 ] : sib-Type : masterInformationBlock sib-Data-variable Binary string (Bin) : 0111000101000000100000100100010010101100000010100000000111000001000101000010100000110111001000111001000110010000100000010001100000010100...

Detach Request

Detach RequestTime : 15:34:31.101Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (8) GPRS mobility management messagesMessage type : 5Spare half octetDetach type Power off : (1) Power switched off Type of detach : (1) GPRS detachP-TMSI Odd/even indication : (0) Even number of digits Type of identity : (4) TMSI/P-TMSI TMSI/P-TMSI : Hex 0xC0248F49P-TMSI signature Value : 6681186 (Hex 0x65F2...

IMSI Detach Indication

IMSI Detach IndicationTime : 15:34:31.101Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (5) Mobility management messagesMessage type : 1Mobile station classmark Revision level : (2) Mobile station supporting R99 or later versions of the protocol ES IND : (1) "Controlled Early Classmark Sending" option is implemented in the MS A5/1 : (0) Encryption algorithm A5/1 available RF Power Capability : (7)...

System Information Type 2quater

System Information Type 2quaterTime : 15:01:25.486Vendor Header ARFCN : 513 (GSM 1800) L2 pseudo length : 1Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 7Rest Octets BA_IND : 0 3G_BA_IND : 1 MP_CHANGE_MARK : (1) MS have to re-read the MEASUREMENT and 3G MEASUREMENT INFORMATION from all the SI2quater messages SI2quater_INDEX : 1 SI2quater_COUNT...

System Information Type 1

System Information Type 1Time : 15:01:24.237Vendor Header ARFCN : 513 (GSM 1800) L2 pseudo length : 21Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 25Cell Channel Description Variable bitmap Channels : 565 587 617 RACH control parameters Max retransmission : (2) Maximum 4 retransmissions Tx-integer : (14) 32 slots used Cell bar access : (0)...

System Information Type 13

System Information Type 13Time : 15:01:24.134Vendor Header ARFCN : 526 (GSM 1800) L2 pseudo length : 0Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 0Rest octets BCCH CHANGE MARK : 7 SI CHANGE FIELD : (0) Update of unspecified SI message or SI messages PBCCH not present in cell Routing area code (RAC) : 1 (Hex 0x01) SPGC CCCH SUP : (0) SPLIT...

System Information Type 2ter

System Information Type 2terTime : 15:01:23.627Vendor Header ARFCN : 513 (GSM 1800) L2 pseudo length : 0Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 3Neighbour Cell Description 2 Multiband reporting : (2) The MS shall report the two strongest cells (From other Band), with known and allowed NCC part of BSIC... BA IND : 0 Bitmap 0 Channels...

System Information Type 4

System Information Type 4Time : 15:01:20.016Vendor Header ARFCN : 107 (E-GSM) L2 pseudo length : 12Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 28Location Area Identification Mobile country code (MCC) : 502 Mobile network code (MNC) : 12 Location area code (LAC) : 2262 (Hex 0x08D6)Cell selection parameters CELL-RESELECT-HYSTERESIS : 8 dB Rxlev...

System Information Type 3

System Information Type 3Time : 15:01:19.914Vendor Header ARFCN : 117 (E-GSM) L2 pseudo length : 18Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 27Cell identity (CI) : 15063 (Hex 0x3AD7)Location Area Identification Mobile country code (MCC) : 502 Mobile network code (MNC) : 12 Location area code (LAC) : 2262 (Hex 0x08D6)Control Channel Description...

Synch Channel Information

Synch Channel InformationTime : 15:01:19.607Vendor Header ARFCN : 117 (E-GSM) FrameOffset : 1801726 QuarterBitOffset : 3510BSIC : 5-5T1 : 1892T2 : 3T3' : 4spare :...

Paging Request Type 3

Paging Request Type 3Time : 15:01:05.623Vendor Header DL Signalling Counter Max : 45 DL Signalling Counter Current : 45 L2 pseudo length : 19Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 36Channels Needed Second channel : (2) TCH/F (full rate) First channel : (2) TCH/F (full rate)Page mode : (0) Normal pagingMobile identity 1 TMSI/P-TMSI : Hex...

Paging Request Type 2

Paging Request Type 2Time : 15:01:05.217Vendor Header DL Signalling Counter Max : 45 DL Signalling Counter Current : 45 L2 pseudo length : 18Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 34Channels Needed Second channel : (2) TCH/F (full rate) First channel : (2) TCH/F (full rate)Page mode : (0) Normal pagingMobile identity 1 TMSI/P-TMSI : Hex...

Immediate Assignment

Immediate AssignmentTime : 15:01:03.422Vendor Header L2 pseudo length : 12Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 63Two-message assignment (TMA) : (0) No meaningDownlink assignment to mobile in packet idle mode : (0) No meaningTBF or dedicated mode (T/D) : (0) Assigns a dedicated mode resourcePage mode : (0) Normal pagingChannel Description...

Paging Request Type 1

Paging Request Type 1Time : 15:01:02.777Vendor Header DL Signalling Counter Max : 45 DL Signalling Counter Current : 45 L2 pseudo length : 9Skip indicator : 0Protocol discriminator : (6) Radio resources management messagesMessage type : 33Channels Needed Second channel : (0) Any channel First channel : (2) TCH/F (full rate)Page mode : (0) Normal pagingMobile identity 1 Odd/even indication :...

Download MapBasic User Guide

Download MapBasic User Guide...

What is Slow Fading

Slow fading is also called shadowing. When a UE moves away from a cell the signal strength drops down slow...

What is Fast Fading

Fast fading is also called multi-path fading, as a result of multi-path propagation. When multi-path signals arriving at a UE, the constructive and destructive phases create a variation in signal streng...

SDCCH Congestion Reason

---Low AvailabilityAction: Check SDCCH Availability. Check if the channels are manual, control or automatic blocked.---Increasing Traffic DemandThe high traffic could be related to an occasional event or due to a long term growth.Action: Check if short term traffic growth. Make trend comparisons. Check if combined SDCCH is used. Check SDCCH dimensioning.---Bad use of Adaptive configuration of Logical...

GPRS Mobility Management States or GPRS MM States

GPRS MM states :* Idle state - The GPRS/EGPRS MS is turned on but not GPRS attached. The GPRS/EGPRS MS is "invisible" to GPRS/EGPRS, i.e. outside the GPRS/EGPRS coverage area.* Stand by state - The GPRS/EGPRS MS is attached to the GPRS MM and sends RA updates to the SGSN and performs GPRS/EGPRS cell selection and re-selection.* Ready state - A packet transfer is ongoing or has recently ended. A READY...

Mode of Operation for GPRS/EDGE

Mode of operation :* Class A- The GPRS/EGPRS MS may have a CS connection and a GPRS/EGPRS transfer at the same time.* Class B- The GPRS/EGPRS MS may be GPRS and IMSI attached simultaneously but it cannot use both services at the same time.* Class C - The GPRS/EGPRS MS is only allowed to be attached to one service at a time. A GPRS/EGPRS MS that only supports GPRS/EGPRS and not CS traffic will always...

Range of Timing Advance (TA) in GSM

Range of Timing Advance (TA) in GSM = 0...

The purpose of drive testing

Drive testing is principally applied in both the planning and optimisation stage of network development. However, there are other purposes for which drive testing can be used:•To provide path loss data for initial site survey work•To verify the propagation prediction during the initial planning of the network.•To verify the network system parameters, as defined in the EG8: GSM/DCS System-Specific...

SDCCH Drop Call Reason

SDCCH Drop Call ReasonLow Signal Strength on Down or UplinkThe reason for poor coverage could be too few sites, wrong output power, shadowing, no indoor coverage or network equipment failure.Action: Check coverage plots.Check output power. Perform drive tests. Check BTS error logSolution: Add new sites. Increase output power. Repair faulty equipment.Poor Quality on Down or UplinkAction: Check C/I...

TCH Drop Call Reason

TCH Drop Call ReasonThe classification of TCH Drop Reasons are arranged in the order of priority:1.Excessive Timing Advance2.Low Signal Strength3.Bad Quality4.Sudden Loss of Connection5.Other Reas...

Radio Link Time-Out or RLINKT

Radio Link Time-OutEvery time a SACCH message can not be decoded the radio link time-out counter is decreased by 1. If the message can be decoded the counter is incremented by 2. However, the value can not exceed the initial value. The initial value is set by the parameter RLINKT for radio link time-out in the mobile station and by RLINKUP for timeout in the BSC. If the mobile moves out of coverage...

Terms in Key Performance Indicators or KPI

1. CSSR (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE)Definition: Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment2. SCR (SUCCESSFULL CALL RATE)Definition: Rate of calls going until normal release that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP, neither by assignment failures, and neither by CALL DROP.3. CALL DROP RATE (CDR)Definition: Rate of all losses of TCH connections during a call in relation to the number of successful...

Location Number or LN

Location Number (LN)Location Number is a number related to a certain geographical area, as specified by the network operator by ”tying” the location numbers to cells, location areas, or MSC/VLR service areas.The Location Number is used to implement features like Regional /Local subscription and Geographical differentiated chargi...

Base Station Identity Code or BSIC

Base Station Identity Code (BSIC)BSIC allows a mobile station to distinguish between different neighboring base stations.BSIC = NCC + BCCNCC = Network Colour Code (3 bits), identifies the GSM PLMN.Note that it does not uniquely identify the operator. NCC is primarily used to distinguish between operators on each side of border.BCC = Base Station Colour Code (3 bits), identifies the Base Station to...

Cell Global Identity or CGI

Cell Global Identity (CGI)CGI is used for cell identification within the GSM network. This is done by adding a Cell Identity (CI) to the location area identity.CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CICI = Cell Identity, identifies a cell within a location area, maximum 16 b...

Location Area Identity or LAI

Location Area Identity (LAI)LAI is used for location updating of mobile subscribers.LAI = MCC + MNC + LACMCC = Mobile Country Code (3 digits), identifies the country. It follows the same numbering plan as MCC in IMSI.MNC = Mobile Network Code (2 digits), identifies the GSM/PLMN in that country and follows the same numbering plan as the MNC in IMSI.LAC = Location Area Code, identifies a location area...

International Mobile station Equipment Identity or IMEI

International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI)The IMEI is used for equipment identification. An IMEI uniquely identifies a mobile station as a piece or assembly of equipment. IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + spTAC = Type Approval Code (6 digits), determined by a central GSM bodyFAC = Final Assembly Code (2 digits), identifies the manufacturerSNR = Serial Number (6 digits), an individual serial number...

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity or TMSI

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)The TMSI is a temporary number used instead of the IMSI to identify an MS. It raises the subscriber's confidentiality and is known within the serving MSC/VLR-area and changed at certain events or time intervals. The structure of the TMSI may be chosen by each administration but should have a maximum length of four octets (8 digit...

Mobile Station Roaming Number or MSRN

Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)HLR knows in what MSC/VLR Service Area the subscriber is located. In order to provide a temporary number to be used for routing, the HLR requests the current MSC/VLR to allocate and return a Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) for the called subscriber.At reception of the MSRN, HLR sends it to the GMSC, which can now route the call to the MSC/VLR exchange where...

International Mobile Subscriber Identity or IMSI

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)The IMSI is the information which uniquely identifies a subscriber in a GSM/PLMN.For a correct identification over the radio path and through the GSM PLMN network, a specific identity is allocated to each subscriber. This identity is called the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and is used for all signalling in the PLMN. It will be stored...

Mobile Station ISDN Number or MSISDN

Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)The MSISDN is a number which uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription in the public switched telephone network numbering plan. According to the CCITT recommendations, the mobile telephone number or catalogue number to be dialled is composed in the following way:MSISDN = CC + NDC + SNCC = Country CodeNDC = National Destination CodeSN = Subscriber NumberA...

Why Ec/Io is always negative

Pilot channel power or Ec is always less than the Total Cell Power, the ratio of the Pilot power (Ec) to the Total Cell power (Io) is always less than one. Thus, when measured in Decibels,the value of Ec/Io is always negative.Here is the calculation.Ec = Pilot Channel Power or Effect Energy ChannelIo = Total Energy and Noise.Ec/Io = 10.log [Pilot Channel Power / (Total Energy with Noise)] < 10.log(1)...