Download MapBasic User Guide

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What is Slow Fading

Slow fading is also called shadowing. When a UE moves away from a cell the signal strength drops down slow...

What is Fast Fading

Fast fading is also called multi-path fading, as a result of multi-path propagation. When multi-path signals arriving at a UE, the constructive and destructive phases create a variation in signal streng...

SDCCH Congestion Reason

---Low AvailabilityAction: Check SDCCH Availability. Check if the channels are manual, control or automatic blocked.---Increasing Traffic DemandThe high traffic could be related to an occasional event or due to a long term growth.Action: Check if short term traffic growth. Make trend comparisons. Check if combined SDCCH is used. Check SDCCH dimensioning.---Bad use of Adaptive configuration of Logical...

GPRS Mobility Management States or GPRS MM States

GPRS MM states :* Idle state - The GPRS/EGPRS MS is turned on but not GPRS attached. The GPRS/EGPRS MS is "invisible" to GPRS/EGPRS, i.e. outside the GPRS/EGPRS coverage area.* Stand by state - The GPRS/EGPRS MS is attached to the GPRS MM and sends RA updates to the SGSN and performs GPRS/EGPRS cell selection and re-selection.* Ready state - A packet transfer is ongoing or has recently ended. A READY...

Mode of Operation for GPRS/EDGE

Mode of operation :* Class A- The GPRS/EGPRS MS may have a CS connection and a GPRS/EGPRS transfer at the same time.* Class B- The GPRS/EGPRS MS may be GPRS and IMSI attached simultaneously but it cannot use both services at the same time.* Class C - The GPRS/EGPRS MS is only allowed to be attached to one service at a time. A GPRS/EGPRS MS that only supports GPRS/EGPRS and not CS traffic will always...

Range of Timing Advance (TA) in GSM

Range of Timing Advance (TA) in GSM = 0...

The purpose of drive testing

Drive testing is principally applied in both the planning and optimisation stage of network development. However, there are other purposes for which drive testing can be used:•To provide path loss data for initial site survey work•To verify the propagation prediction during the initial planning of the network.•To verify the network system parameters, as defined in the EG8: GSM/DCS System-Specific...

SDCCH Drop Call Reason

SDCCH Drop Call ReasonLow Signal Strength on Down or UplinkThe reason for poor coverage could be too few sites, wrong output power, shadowing, no indoor coverage or network equipment failure.Action: Check coverage plots.Check output power. Perform drive tests. Check BTS error logSolution: Add new sites. Increase output power. Repair faulty equipment.Poor Quality on Down or UplinkAction: Check C/I...

TCH Drop Call Reason

TCH Drop Call ReasonThe classification of TCH Drop Reasons are arranged in the order of priority:1.Excessive Timing Advance2.Low Signal Strength3.Bad Quality4.Sudden Loss of Connection5.Other Reas...

Radio Link Time-Out or RLINKT

Radio Link Time-OutEvery time a SACCH message can not be decoded the radio link time-out counter is decreased by 1. If the message can be decoded the counter is incremented by 2. However, the value can not exceed the initial value. The initial value is set by the parameter RLINKT for radio link time-out in the mobile station and by RLINKUP for timeout in the BSC. If the mobile moves out of coverage...

Terms in Key Performance Indicators or KPI

1. CSSR (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE)Definition: Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment2. SCR (SUCCESSFULL CALL RATE)Definition: Rate of calls going until normal release that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP, neither by assignment failures, and neither by CALL DROP.3. CALL DROP RATE (CDR)Definition: Rate of all losses of TCH connections during a call in relation to the number of successful...

Location Number or LN

Location Number (LN)Location Number is a number related to a certain geographical area, as specified by the network operator by ”tying” the location numbers to cells, location areas, or MSC/VLR service areas.The Location Number is used to implement features like Regional /Local subscription and Geographical differentiated chargi...

Base Station Identity Code or BSIC

Base Station Identity Code (BSIC)BSIC allows a mobile station to distinguish between different neighboring base stations.BSIC = NCC + BCCNCC = Network Colour Code (3 bits), identifies the GSM PLMN.Note that it does not uniquely identify the operator. NCC is primarily used to distinguish between operators on each side of border.BCC = Base Station Colour Code (3 bits), identifies the Base Station to...

Cell Global Identity or CGI

Cell Global Identity (CGI)CGI is used for cell identification within the GSM network. This is done by adding a Cell Identity (CI) to the location area identity.CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CICI = Cell Identity, identifies a cell within a location area, maximum 16 b...

Location Area Identity or LAI

Location Area Identity (LAI)LAI is used for location updating of mobile subscribers.LAI = MCC + MNC + LACMCC = Mobile Country Code (3 digits), identifies the country. It follows the same numbering plan as MCC in IMSI.MNC = Mobile Network Code (2 digits), identifies the GSM/PLMN in that country and follows the same numbering plan as the MNC in IMSI.LAC = Location Area Code, identifies a location area...

International Mobile station Equipment Identity or IMEI

International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI)The IMEI is used for equipment identification. An IMEI uniquely identifies a mobile station as a piece or assembly of equipment. IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + spTAC = Type Approval Code (6 digits), determined by a central GSM bodyFAC = Final Assembly Code (2 digits), identifies the manufacturerSNR = Serial Number (6 digits), an individual serial number...

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity or TMSI

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)The TMSI is a temporary number used instead of the IMSI to identify an MS. It raises the subscriber's confidentiality and is known within the serving MSC/VLR-area and changed at certain events or time intervals. The structure of the TMSI may be chosen by each administration but should have a maximum length of four octets (8 digit...

Mobile Station Roaming Number or MSRN

Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)HLR knows in what MSC/VLR Service Area the subscriber is located. In order to provide a temporary number to be used for routing, the HLR requests the current MSC/VLR to allocate and return a Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) for the called subscriber.At reception of the MSRN, HLR sends it to the GMSC, which can now route the call to the MSC/VLR exchange where...

International Mobile Subscriber Identity or IMSI

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)The IMSI is the information which uniquely identifies a subscriber in a GSM/PLMN.For a correct identification over the radio path and through the GSM PLMN network, a specific identity is allocated to each subscriber. This identity is called the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and is used for all signalling in the PLMN. It will be stored...

Mobile Station ISDN Number or MSISDN

Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)The MSISDN is a number which uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription in the public switched telephone network numbering plan. According to the CCITT recommendations, the mobile telephone number or catalogue number to be dialled is composed in the following way:MSISDN = CC + NDC + SNCC = Country CodeNDC = National Destination CodeSN = Subscriber NumberA...

Why Ec/Io is always negative

Pilot channel power or Ec is always less than the Total Cell Power, the ratio of the Pilot power (Ec) to the Total Cell power (Io) is always less than one. Thus, when measured in Decibels,the value of Ec/Io is always negative.Here is the calculation.Ec = Pilot Channel Power or Effect Energy ChannelIo = Total Energy and Noise.Ec/Io = 10.log [Pilot Channel Power / (Total Energy with Noise)] < 10.log(1)...